CERA will have a booth at the Chicago Tribune Printers Row LitFest 2015 on Saturday, June 6th and Sunday, June 7th.  We'll be there between 10am to 6pm - if you're going, come say hello to the CERA staff. The booth is identified as Tent KK which will be located near the intersection of Polk and Dearborn.  

If you're unfamiliar with Lit Fest, here's a short overview:

"As part of its ongoing commitment to the written word and its support of literacy and literary endeavor, the Chicago Tribune purchased the Printers Row Book Fair in 2002 from the Near South Planning Board. Recently renamed to be the Printer's Row Lit Fest, it is considered the largest free outdoor literary event in the Midwest-drawing more than 150,000 book lovers to the two-day showcase."

Hope to see you there.

Our soon to be issued and available publication.  Following is the dust jacket cover sure to tempt all lovers of the Chicago Transit Authority and Chicago Surface Lines Green Hornet streetcars. 

Fri May 15, 2015 9:47 am (PDT) . Posted by:

"Edward Havens" watsonscruff2000 of the Philly_Traction Yahoo Group

KANSAS CITY and St. Louis are the two Missouri cities with streetcar line construction projects underway but they differ because one is a modern streetcar and the other a heritage trolley, the "re journals dot com" site reports. The real estate industry publication says economic development is taking place along the car lines even though neither is in operation yet:

<
*http://tinyurl.com/k9ntxo5 <http://tinyurl.com/k9ntxo5>>"*Clang! Clang!
The trolley — and streetcar — are coming to provide a boost to Midwest
cities
< http://www.rejournals.com/2015/05/15/clang-clang-the-trolley-and-streetcar-are-coming-to-provide-a-boost-to-midwest-cities/>
May 15, 2015
< http://www.rejournals.com/2015/05/15/clang-clang-the-trolley-and-streetcar-are-coming-to-provide-a-boost-to-midwest-cities/>
Dan Rafter
< http://www.rejournals.com/2015/05/15/clang-clang-the-trolley-and-streetcar-are-coming-to-provide-a-boost-to-midwest-cities/>
[image: kansas city streetcar image]
< http://www.rejournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/kansas-city-streetcar-image.jpg>

A rendering of the Kansas City streetcar in action.

Husch Blackwell attorneys Doug Stone and David Richardson have learned a
lot about streetcars and trolleys.

They can tell you why a streetcar isn’t the same thing as a cable car and
why a trolley isn’t the same thing as a trolley coach.

Richardson and Stone aren’t trolley buffs. The attorneys learned their
streetcar trivia through hard work.

Stone and Richardson have each played key roles in guiding streetcar and
trolley projects to the construction phase in the St. Louis and Kansas
City, Missouri, areas, with Stone providing key legal advice to city
officials in Kansas City and Richardson doing the same in St. Louis.

It’s not easy to guide urban public-transportation projects from the
planning to the construction phases.

But the projects in the St. Louis and Kansas City markets have cleared the
legal hurdles that could have scuttled each of them.

That’s good news. Both Stone and Richardson say that these
public-transportation projects will provide an economic boost to the cities
through which they will travel.

“Frankly, I think that most of the economic development community in Kansas
City will tell you that the streetcar is a game-changer,” Stone said.

“Kansas City has been flirting with a variety of light-rail, streetcar-type
projects since the mid-1990s but has not been able to get the citywide
support necessary. Now it is becoming a reality, and it is going to make a
major impact.”

And in St. Louis?

“The hope is that this will be an economic development engine,” Richardson
said. “We are already seeing signs of that.”

*The power of light-rail*

St. Louis and Kansas City aren’t the only Midwest cities to turn to
light-rail public-transportation projects for an economic boost.

In Detroit, construction crews are building the M-1 RAIL streetcar project
that city officials hope will speed economic recovery efforts in the city.

And in Minneapolis, the city’s new light-rail system is earning praise for
creating jobs and bringing new development to previously under-served
neighborhoods.

The hope is that the Kansas City and St. Louis pojects will drive new
development — encouraging new retailers, restaurants and offices — along
their lines.
[image: Here's what the St. Louis Loop Trolley will look like.]
< http://www.rejournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/st.-louis-loop-trolley-image-2.jpg>

Here’s what the St. Louis Loop Trolley will look like.

Stone said that since the announcement of the Kansas City streetcar
project, the city has seen $100 million in development that is solely or
partly attributable to the new streetcar line.

Stone said that new residential developments are already under
construction. New enterainment venues are opening, and hotels are being
built, all in downtown Kansas City.

“When I first moved to Kansas City in 1993, the downtown was a ghost town,”
Stone said.

“There’s been a steady drive to rejuvenate the downtown since, and it’s
paying off. This is building upon itself with the advent of the streetcar
project.

"There is a huge buzz surrounding the downtown. Developers are coming to us
from other cities. Just 10 years ago, that never would have happened.”

Richardson said that the Loop Trolley project in St. Louis is causing some
of the excitement in both St. Louis and neighboring University City, the
two metropolises in which the trolley line runs.

Construction on the St. Louis line started in late March.

But since the announcement of the new line, Washington University has
finished construction on a new student-housing project with a first-floor
grocery store and restaurant, and other restaurants are popping up along
the trolley’s route.

Developers and investors have been buying up real estate in the areas
served by the trolley, Richardson said, and have plans for their own new
projects.

“We had a period in which we had a lot of historic rehab projects going on
with loft spaces,” Richardson said.

“We had a good run of eight years or so for that. Then 2008 and the
recession slowed us down. Now we are seeing downtown rehab projects
starting up again. It’s good to see this activity.”

*On schedule*

Both the Kansas City and St. Louis projects are moving along on schedule.

In Kansas City as of May 1, 71 percent of the track for the streetcar
project is built, with 15,430 feet complete out of 21,771 total feet needed
for the project.

The city has announced, too, that 96 percent of water and sewer
replacements and upgrades are complete, while more than 100 power poles
have been installed.

Construction crews have buld the line’s first streetcar stop at 16th and
Main streets.

All construction is scheduled to wrap in the fall of 2015.

The streetcar system will then go through a run of testing. City officials
say that the line will open to the public in 2016.

Construction on St. Louis’ Loop Trolley project is in the earlier phases.

But the work is proceeding on schedule.

Once complete, the new trolleys — designed to look like historic trolley
cars — will travel a 2.2-mile fixed-route line linking University City and
Forest Park in St. Louis.

The line will include 10 stops, including a big one at the Missouri History
Museum.

Construction of this line began March 23 with the installation of a
permanent roundabout on Delmar Blvd. in University City.

Trolley track construction was scheduled to begin late in May. City
officials say that the line will begin service in late 2016.

Gaining approval for each of the projects was not an easy task.

Stone and Richardson helped in this process, assisting the city on a wide
range of financial and planning matters.

In Kansas City, the streetcar project is funded through a sales tax paid by
consumers and special assessments paid by the property owners and
commercial tenants in a limited special district.

Earning the support of the property and business owners in this district
took time, with Stone saying that planners and city officials went through
almost a year’s worth of meetings with the business community.

The meetings were necesssary to convince the business community that the
streetcar project would provide them with a significant economic boost.

“We had some convincing to do,” Stone said.

“Luckily, we were right about the positive impact that the streetcar
project would have.

"At this point there is some sentiment among the business community that
perhaps we should expand the line. I think if you spoke to the business
owners who were at first wary of the plan, you’d find almost unanimously
that they now think this was the right decision.”

In St. Louis, gaining the funding for the project was a challenge,
Richardson said. The Loop Trolley is a $48 million project. The federal
government provided some small grants to get the project started, providing
about $25 million. The city created a TIF district for the St. Louis
portion of the route that added an additional $4 million of funding.

Then project officials turned to the New Markets Tax Credit program to
provide yet more funding, Richardson said. This program, created in 2000 to
spur reinvestment in low-income or struggling communities, was created as
part of the Community Renewal Tax Relief Act of 2000. There weren’t
examples, though, of this program being used to fund public-transportation
projects.

But in St. Louis, the New Markets Tax Credit program provided millions of
needed dollars for the trolley project.

“That was a very innovative and unconventional approach,” Richardson said.

Today, both Richardson and Stone are waiting to see the full impact that
the cities’ new public-transportation projects will have.

But already, the attorneys are seeing benefits.

The time is right for new public transportation because so many people
today want to move into the hearts of cities.

Already, there is more activity — and more residents moving in — in the
middle of St. Louis and Kansas City.

“I went to downtown Kansas City the other night and it was like New York
City,” Stone said.

“The streetcar project will only help spread that activity throughout the
center of the city.”

*[end text]------*

*Edward B. Havens*

*Tucson, Ariz

Sue Pischke, AP              

Operators of a 63-year-old coal-fired passenger ferry that carries people and cars across Lake Michigan between Wisconsin and Michigan have made the necessary environmental improvements to keep the vintage vessel in service, U.S. regulators announced Thursday.

The 410-foot SS Badger launched in 1952 can carry 600 passengers and 180 vehicles. It's the last coal-fired steamship operating on the Great Lakes and normally runs from May to October. It is scheduled to resume service Friday between Ludington, Michigan, and Manitowoc, Wisconsin.

SS Badger, last of coal-fired steamships in U.S. waters, gets new lease on life 

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency said inspectors this week confirmed that Lake Michigan Carferry Service Inc. "has taken all the steps necessary to permanently stop the discharge of coal ash" into the lake.

In September 2013, the EPA had given the Badger's operators until this year to stop dumping ash into the lake. Operators have spent about $2.4 million on an onboard system to move ash from the ship's four boilers to four retention bins on the car deck, the EPA said in a statement.
"The Badger car ferry is now in compliance with the Clean Water Act and will no longer discharge coal ash to Lake Michigan," EPA regional Administrator Susan Hedman said in a statement. "EPA is pleased that we were able to find a solution that protects Lake Michigan and preserves jobs along the Michigan and Wisconsin shoreline."
Previously, ash was transported from the boiler to an onboard retention area, mixed with Lake Michigan water and discharged in a slurry into the lake. The ash will be sold for use in cement-making, according to Chuck Leonard, vice president of Lake Michigan Carferry.
The Badger was built to the standards of its day, which once allowed trash and sewage of all lake vessels to be jettisoned overboard, Chuck Cart, chief engineer on the Badger for 19 years, said in January. It's been modified as new standards have come into place, he said.
 
The S.S. Badger is the last coal fired steamship in the Northern Hemisphere, not just the Great Lakes. 
 

Used with permission of Frank Hicks from the April 9, 2015 Hicks Car Works Blog.

History of Chicago Surface Lines 2843

TO THE STEEL MILLS AND THE STATE LINECSL 2843 and the South Chicago City Railway By Frank Hicks

Contents
Foreword
Acknowledgements
South Chicago and the Southeast Side
The Jewetts
South Side Lines
Surface Service
Preservation
Appendix A: Original Specifications
Appendix B: In-Service Modifications
Bibliography

FOREWORD
The Illinois Railway Museum has the largest and most complete collection of surviving equipment from the Chicago Surface Lines, the famed system that operated more than 3,000 streetcars over 1,000 miles of track spread out across the city.  The CSL was the nation’s largest street railway company but today only a dozen or so streetcars exist as memorials.  Of those, car 2843 is something of a gem hidden in plain sight.  It was built more than a decade before the CSL came into being, for predecessor South Chicago City Railway, and it was retired from passenger service quite early.  Through various tricks of fate it has survived to the present day yet its history is largely unknown.  As a member of a small and largely unremarked series of cars its story has not been widely told, and as an unrestored artifact it has garnered little attention among the museum’s vast roster.  Yet car 2843 stands out in the Chicago streetcar collection as a fascinating example of car design in the years before the city standardized its surface fleet, an exemplar of the car builder’s art of the time, and an artifact remarkable in how original it has remained.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This account would not have been written without the invaluable input of Roy G. Benedict, who lived much of his life on the southeast side and provided historical descriptions of the South Chicago streetcar lines and the Jewetts in particular as well as photos and proofreading assistance.  Art Peterson and George Kanary supplied in-service photos of the Jewetts while Ray Piesciuk and Joe Stupar located and scanned original photos and car diagrams of the cars.

SOUTH CHICAGO AND THE SOUTHEAST SIDE
Ten miles south of the Loop, along the Lake Michigan shore near the mouth of the Calumet River, sits the commercial center of South Chicago surrounded by the neighborhoods that make up the southeast side of Chicago.  Just west of the mouth of the Calumet, South Chicago long served as the focal point of this area with its thriving downtown at 92nd & Commercial and its neighborhoods housing the thousands of workers who earned a living at the giant US Steel plant on the lakeshore.  Clustered around South Chicago are the neighborhoods of South Shore to the north, Calumet Heights just to the west across the old Pennsylvania and New York Central railroads, South Deering with its industries along the Calumet River south of that, and East Side to the southeast hugging the Indiana state line.

Before South Chicago was a neighborhood it was a city.  Known as Ainsworth when it was first settled around 1833, it was known as South Chicago by the time it was annexed into Hyde Park Township in 1867.  The 1870s saw efforts to dredge the Calumet River to make it usable for ships and in 1881 the North Chicago Rolling Mill, later to become the US Steel South Works, opened on 91st Street at the mouth of the river.  More steel mills and other heavy industry sprang up along both sides of the Calumet River and the population of South Chicago steadily rose.  In 1889 Hyde Park Township was annexed by Chicago, including South Chicago and the other neighborhoods of the southeast side.

By that time South Chicago was already developing its own infrastructure, including that modern convenience, the horse car line.  The Ewing Avenue Horse Railway began service in 1885 running along 92nd Street and south along Ewing Avenue to the east and along Commercial to the west of downtown South Chicago.  Then in 1890, soon after annexation, a new mode of transportation arrived in South Chicago.  On October 5th of that year the Calumet Electric Street Railway Company became the operator of the very first electric streetcar to run in Chicago.  The CESR line looped downtown South Chicago and headed west along 93rd Street two miles through Calumet Heights to Stony Island Avenue, where the car house and generating station were located.  Part of the line’s purpose was to spur housing development in Calumet Heights, but the line also served as a testbed for this exciting new technology.  The Chicago city fathers, who had previously barred electric cars from the dense city core due to safety concerns, eventually were convinced and Chicago ended up with the largest unified electric street railway system in the country.

The owners of the Ewing Avenue Horse Railway saw the writing on the wall and elected to expand and upgrade, changing the name of the company to the South Chicago City Railway (SCCR).  Under the direction of civil engineer James R. Chapman they bought 25 new electric streetcars and built an impressive new brick complex along Ewing just south of the Calumet River bridge that included a repair shop, car house, generating plant and offices.  On March 4, 1893 they converted to electric power, and without any formal training at all the teamsters immediately became motormen.  Fortunately some newly-hired conductors had experience with electric cars and the two-man crews figured out how to get the cars moving.

An example of the SCCR fleet from the turn of the century is car 109, a single-trucker built by St. Louis Car Company in 1902.
CESR and SCCR soon expanded to the north, with both companies building extensions to 63rd Street.  The reason was twofold.  First, the Columbian Exposition was being held at Jackson Park, drawing millions of people from all over the world to the fairgrounds along the east side of Stony Island Avenue between 56th and 67th.  Second, South Side Rapid Transit, Chicago’s first elevated line, was completed to 63rd Street and Jackson Park in May 1893.  This provided southeast side residents a direct ride to the Loop and a convenient and less inexpensive alternative to the Illinois Central Railroad.

These track maps, drawn from 1908 valuation reports, show the SCCR and CESR at the final development of their route mileage. Not drawn to scale.
The two competing streetcar companies continued to expand.  SCCR painted its cars vermilion (red) with chrome yellow above and went by the nickname “Red Lines,” while CESR painted its cars yellow with orange above and was given unflattering monikers like the “yellow peril.”  During the 1890s and early 1900s both lines vied for advantage, expanding into new neighborhoods like East Side and South Deering.  CESR built a line east from downtown South Chicago to the gates of the US Steel South Works at 89th Street as well as a line down Avenue L as far as 109th that served the residential communities in East Side.  The SCCR lines went as far south as 106th Street, where the cars ran from the state line through East Side across the Calumet as far west as Torrence Avenue in South Deering.  This allowed the line to serve Wisconsin Steel, which occupied both banks of the Calumet south of 106th.  SCCR also served Iroquois Steel, located along the lake just south of the Calumet River, and continued down Ewing through the heart of East Side.  Eventually the car lines would stretch south along Green Bay Avenue, Burley and Carondelet as far as the neighborhood of Hegewisch.  In 1896 SCCR began through service to Hammond and Whiting in Indiana over the Hammond Whiting & East Chicago, with the connection made at 106th & Indiana.  By the early 1900s, the decade-old single-truck cars that had inaugurated electric service on the southeast side were fast becoming obsolescent, particularly for the longer and longer runs over the expanding car lines.  Both CESR and SCCR looked to acquire larger, more modern double-truck cars.  The Red Lines were first.

In the fall of 1902 the SCCR built five cars in its own shops on Ewing.  They were large cars, 45’ in length, and had a seating capacity of 54.  They were single-ended, though there were poles and controls at each end, and passengers boarded and alit at a single entrance at the right rear corner.  They were also spartan, with bowling-alley seating, and were essentially lengthened versions of the single-truck cars then holding down service.  Within months the competing CESR had matched the SCCR by ordering eight new off-the-rack semi-convertibles from the J.G. Brill Company of Philadelphia.  These cars were designed for double-end operation, with doors at the front left and right rear, and sat 44 passengers in relative comfort on cross seats.  Brill was the best streetcar builder in the industry and these CESR cars were better built than the five cars constructed on Ewing.  But before 1903 was out the Red Lines would boast of new cars to match those fielded by the Calumet line.

THE JEWETTS
The five cars ordered by SCCR in 1903 from the Jewett Car Company of Newark, Ohio were not the first double-truck electric cars in Chicago, nor were they the largest or the best-known.  But they were among the finest and, in the words of Chicago traction historian James Buckley, they were “probably the best constructed wooden cars ever to operate” on Chicago’s streets.

Car 321, the first of the series, is shown in public operation around 1905.  The end of the car nearest the photographer is the rear end.  Note the truss rods and script lettering on the car side.  Fred J. Borchert photo, James Buckley Collection.

SCCR cars 321-325 were built on lot 148, Jewett plan 134T, and cost $12,936.87 for the order.  Jewett had built some single-truckers for SCCR in 1900 but the firm was best known for building large interurban cars. While the new cars were undoubtedly streetcars, there was a definite interurban influence in their design as well.  In part this was because they were designed for through service to Hammond and Whiting in Indiana over the tracks of the Hammond Whiting & East Chicago, a 14-mile route that made for a jarring ride on a bouncing single-trucker.  The SCCR was designed with single-ended cars in mind, unlike the bigger streetcar lines that ran to downtown Chicago, and in keeping with this the Jewetts were built with a front and a rear end.  However they had controls and conductor’s bells at each end and could be operated in either direction if needed.

The new Jewetts were 42’3” over the bumpers, much larger than the older single-truckers they supplanted.  They sat 44 passengers on a mixture of cross seats and longitudinal bench seats, all of them upholstered in rattan.  The cars had a separate smoking compartment at the front which seated 12 on bench seats and they had only a single passenger entrance, at the right rear of the car, plus a second door at the left front.  Heat was provided by a coal-fired water heater located on the front platform to the motorman’s right.  The cars had tongue-and-groove sheathing, truss rods, short 4’ deep platforms, and paired side windows (actually in a two-two-three-two-two arrangement), all features more common to interurbans than streetcars.  The cars’ interiors were beautiful: varnished mahogany walls with inlay, quartered oak veneer ceilings, and Pantasote windows shades.

This drawing from a 1908 valuation report depicts the original floor plan for the Jewetts.  The front end of the car is to the right, with the round water heater on the platform and longitudinal seats in the smoking compartment.

The cars were mounted on Taylor HSB2 trucks, the same as the homebuilt 1902 cars, and had GE 80 motors with K28F controllers.  They were fitted with couplers, either for being towed or for hauling trailers; a Berg fender at the front; a Berg hand brake; and Van Dorn track scrapers.  The conductor, who in these days before prepayment roved the car body to collect from passengers, used a Sterling-Meaker #5 to ring up fares.

The cars were painted in standard SCCR colors: vermilion (red) sides and letterboards, chrome yellow along the windows, and varnished window sash.  Letting included pin-striping, “South Chicago City Railway Company” spelled out along the car sides in ornate script, car numbers on the end painted in Roman typeface and – anachronistically – car numbers on the sides in old-fashioned shadowed lettering.  The Jewetts presented an unusual marriage of modern car with antiquated livery.

SOUTH SIDE LINES
The new Jewetts were the pride of the fleet for SCCR and initially were assigned to the Interstate routes, originating at 63rd Street near the ‘L’ terminus and traveling through downtown South Chicago on their way to Hammond or Whiting.  But as well-built as they were, their reign as the flagships of the fleet was short-lived.  In late 1907 the Ewing shops began construction on a new series of 11 homebuilt cars.  These cars, numbered 332-342, had even more interurban features than the Jewetts.  In fact, by most standards they were more like interurban cars than streetcars, with railroad roofs and steep step wells.  Their layout was generally similar to the Jewetts but changes were made to the smoking compartment at the front of the car, with removable (or “convertible”) wall sections for better ventilation during the summer and cross seats replacing the longitudinal seats in the smokers on the Jewetts.  The biggest difference was that the rear platform was only partly enclosed, and rather than side doors had Minneapolis-style gates across the steps on the right side.

The new cars, built especially for through service to Indiana, were dubbed “Interstates.”  But the Jewetts were still modern and attractive cars and continued in daily service on the Indiana through routes and other heavy southeast side lines.  Around 1906-1907 the SCCR color scheme changed; the familiar vermilion and chrome yellow livery was retained but the lettering was simplified, with Roman car numbers and plainer pin-striping.  A round “Red Lines” emblem centered on the side of the car taking the place of the company name spelled out in script.

This image from a 1908 valuation report on the SCCR shows what the Jewetts looked like after five years of service.  The livery has been simplified, with the script lettering replaced by a “Red Lines” roundel.

But SCCR was only to last a few months after the “Interstates” entered service.  In May 1908 the “Red Lines” merged with its longtime competitor, the Calumet Electric Street Railway, to form the Calumet & South Chicago Railway (C&SC).  With this, competing trackage – in some cases two lines just a block apart – could be rationalized and the schedules and fleets of the two lines could be combined to the best possible advantage.  The company was managed from the large ex-CESR Burnside car house complex at 93rd & Drexel, which still stands as of this writing.  The fleet was repainted, with dull Pullman green replacing the vibrant red-and-yellow of SCCR and yellow-and-orange of CESR, and the 321-325-series SCCR Jewetts were renumbered 826-830.

The Chicago streetcar companies, slowly but inexorably, were consolidating.  Under the direction of the Board of Supervising Engineers created by the city in 1907, changes were being made to improve and standardize the operating practices and facilities of the major streetcar companies in the city.  By 1908, when C&SC was formed, there were only two other major streetcar companies in Chicago, Chicago Railways on the north side and Chicago City Railways (CCR) on the south side.  And shortly after the merger management, though not ownership, of the C&SC was transferred to CCR.

The new unified management of the “south side lines” – the CCR, C&SC and the relatively diminutive Southern Street Railway line on Cermak Road – began to rationalize and improve the C&SC operation immediately.  Fifteen large double-truck Robertson-style cars were purchased from CCR to modernize the fleet, still largely made up by old single-truckers.  All operations were moved to Burnside and the SCCR complex on Ewing and the car house on Coles Avenue in Cheltenham were sold.  And the existing C&SC fleet was rebuilt and modernized.

In 1910 the five Jewetts went through rebuilding.  Though significant changes were made, the basic structure of the car was unchanged.  They were converted to double-end cars, though they had already been capable of double-end operation.  Doors were added at the left side of each end, giving the cars identical folding doors at all four corners.  The cars had their truss rods removed (a testament to the cars’ sturdy design) and angled dashers were added to the ends.  The couplers were removed, the original basket-type fenders replaced with trip-gate lifeguards, and wooden guards were added to the trucks.  The original Stanwood steps were replaced with folding steps, the metal safety rods on the windows were replaced with ornate “south side style” mesh window guards, and sign boxes mounted in the end and side windows replaced the rooftop brackets for mounting wooden destination signs.

This plan from 1914 depicts the Jewetts as they were following their 1910 rebuild.  The smoking compartment bulkhead is gone, all four corners are fitted with doors (though no longer with step wells), and the entire car has cross seats except for the corners of the body.  Illinois Railway Museum Collection.

The cars’ interiors were modernized too.  Heating was changed from hot water heat to electric heat and the stove on the front platform was taken out.  The bulkhead between the smoking and non-smoking compartments was removed and seating was changed to all cross seats, with longitudinal seats only at the corners of the body.  International fare registers replaced the old Sterling-Meaker type with which the cars had been built.  The interiors kept their original mahogany finish and appointments, though, including the two-panel sliding doors in the end bulkheads.

This is what the Jewetts looked like after rebuilding, though the photos date from five years later after the Chicago Surface Lines unification (note that the old C&SC emblems and numbers have been painted over on the car side).  Illinois Railway Museum Collection.

In the meantime, the trend towards consolidating Chicago’s street railways that had begun in the 1890s continued.  In 1910 the C&SC’s ownership stake in the Hammond Whiting & East Chicago was sold, though through service continued as before.  At about the same time more through service was instituted, but this time going north instead of east.  Through routes were being established all over Chicago, linking together the various component companies of the south side lines that were now under common management.  And with the Unification Ordinance that went into effect on February 1, 1914, the city of Chicago reached the culmination of its consolidation trend.  On that date the operations of the two big streetcar companies, CCR and Chicago Railways, were combined into one company: the Chicago Surface Lines.

SURFACE SERVICE
The Chicago Surface Lines, or CSL, was the operating company for the Chicago streetcar system and ownership of the fleet and property remained with the underlying companies, including C&SC.  But with unification came further standardization and rationalization of car assignments.  The Jewetts had recently been rebuilt to CCR specifications and were still rather new cars.  But pay-as-you-enter (PAYE) fare collection, where a stationary conductor collected fares as passengers entered instead of roving the car seeking them out, had emerged as the safest and most efficient way to collect fares.  So in 1914 the Jewetts were fitted for a conductor position on the rear platform, with a foot pedal to ring up fares, and the right-side door at each end was fitted with a crank so that the motorman could open the door for exiting passengers without arising.  At some point, either in 1914 or in the years thereafter, the cars also acquired Utility ventilators.  Some had their tongue-and-groove siding covered over with sheet metal panels.

This original CSL blueprint shows planned changes to the layout of the Jewetts to permit their conversion to Pay-As-You-Enter fare collection.  IRM Collection.

The Jewetts also received a new coat of paint, with the CSL herald replacing the C&SC herald, and they received new numbers: C&SC 826-30 (originally SCCR 321-325) became CSL 2841-2845, with all five cars remaining in perfect numerical order.  The cars remained in service on the southeast side, primarily seeing use on the ex-SCCR lines through South Chicago and operating out of Burnside car house, for the first several years following unification.  But in 1921 changes began to come to the Jewett fleet.  First, along with the rest of CSL’s cars they were repainted into the new fleet colors of carmine red with cream along the windows – a nearly identical livery to that they had worn in their first five years on SCCR.  Second, they departed their old South Chicago territory with new assignments.

The biggest drawback of the Jewetts was their short platform length.  With platforms only 4’ deep and side entry doors 2’5” wide, compared with 6’1” wide entryways on the 1908-vintage “Old Pullmans” built for Chicago Railways, the cars were inefficiently designed for passenger entry and exit.  Newer PAYE cars like the “Old Pullmans” could board a crowd waiting at a car stop and be on their way while passengers stood on the platform fishing for change, but the Jewetts needed to wait while passengers boarded single-file and passed the conductor just inside the rear door.  This made them much slower than the newer and larger PAYE cars and made them unsuitable for the increasingly popular lines through South Chicago and onward to East Side and the interstate through routes.  In 1921 they were transferred to other, more lightly-patronized east-west routes on the far south side, the 106th, 115th and 119th Street lines.

These were short routes, all less than two miles long, that only used one or two cars each in regular service.  But while the CSL had just recently obtained permission to begin operating one-man cars (the first were a handful of single-truck Birneys delivered in 1920), these south side lines all crossed at least one steam railroad at grade.  That meant that a conductor had to be carried so that he could precede the car onto the railroad crossing and flag it across.  For five years, until November 1926, the Jewetts operated on these lightly-used lines in the East Side and Pullman neighborhoods on the periphery of the old C&SC territory.

Car 2843 is shown as it appeared for much of its time in service on the CSL, in carmine red and cream with later modifications like Utility roof ventilators and metal sheathing on the sides.  This photo, likely from the 1930s, was taken at Lawndale Car House.  Krambles-Peterson Archive.

In December 1926 the CSL converted the 103rd Street line, a 2.5-mile long ex-CESR route along its namesake street between Cottage Grove at the east end and Vincennes at the west, to one-man operation.  Though it was lightly-traveled by CSL standards it used three or four cars and had one at-grade steam railroad crossing (the route stopped just short of the Rock Island line paralleling Vincennes, avoiding a railroad grade crossing).  And here was where the Surface Lines saw its opportunity to save money: they hired a single flagman stationed at the Chicago & Western Indiana crossing on 103rd & Eggleston and dispensed with three or four streetcar conductors who had been needed to flag the cars across the crossing.  The Jewetts were put into one-man service on 103rd Street at the end of 1926.

But their short platforms continued to plague the five cars.  With conversion to one-man operation, all passengers entered and exited via the congested front platform, slowing down the cars even further.  When the Great Depression hit in 1929, ridership on the CSL decreased and newer cars that had been constructed with one-man service in mind became available for 103rd Street.  In January of 1931 the five Jewetts were pulled out of service and put into storage.  After 28 years of continual service their passenger carrying days had ended.

Car 2841 is pictured on September 12, 1942.  Though unmodified from its passenger-carrying days, the 11 years it has spent in storage is obvious from the poor condition of the paint.  In six months the car would be rebuilt for further service.  Joe Diaz photo, Krambles-Peterson Archive.

The Jewetts remained in dead storage for a decade.  At the time CSL management, which was rather forward-thinking, tended to keep unneeded equipment around “just in case” for years and even decades.  Single-truck cars from the turn of the century that hadn’t been used since the teens were stored until the Depression; center-door trailers retired around 1930 were still around into the 1950s in many cases.  And so it was with the Jewetts, which hung around mothballed until World War II.  With the surging economy and the rationing of gas and rubber, ridership on the CSL exploded and management went looking for more cars to add to capacity.  Fortunately the Jewetts were available.

In October 1942 one of the Jewetts, car 2844, was rehabilitated at South Shops and sent to Burnside car house for service.  The station superintendent there wanted nothing to do with the car; even as stretched as the Surface Lines was, an aged car poorly suited for one-man operations was not what was desired.  So the car was sent back to South Shops and the decision was made that the Jewetts instead would be converted into salt cars. 

About a decade earlier the CSL had begun using salt as a major component of snow removal operations when it converted about 50 old Chicago Union Traction cars into salt spreaders.  In April 1943 the Jewetts had their seats removed and salt bins added along with chutes and holes in the floor for spreading the salt onto the track.  They entered seasonal service helping to keep the south side lines clear of snow.

Soon after repainting in work car green, car 2843 is pictured stored at Archer Car House on November 12, 1945.  By this time it has been in salt car service for over two years.  To the right is another one of the Jewetts in work car green.  Tom Desnoyers photo, Krambles-Peterson Archive.

And this is what kept these unusual cars around for a few more precious years.  All five lasted until the takeover of the CSL by the Chicago Transit Authority in 1947, after which salt cars were renumbered into the AA work cars series.  Cars 2841-2845 were, for one final time, renumbered in proper sequence as a group, this time as salt cars AA93-AA97.  As Chicago’s street railway system rapidly contracted during the early CTA years, the Jewetts were scrapped between 1951 and 1958.  All, that is, except one: car AA95.

PRESERVATION
That one car, AA95, was squirreled away on a storage track at South Shops along with a few other relics and oddballs including one of the ex-SCCR “Interstate” cars built at Ewing in 1907 and some ex-Chicago Union Traction (CUT) cars.  And there it sat, surrounded by hundreds of newer streetcars being burned and cut up for scrap metal, until by early 1958 nearly the entire Chicago streetcar fleet had vanished.  That year the Electric Railway Historical Society (ERHS) began buying up the few old wood cars that hadn’t been scrapped.  ERHS was a small group of streetcar fans that had elected to begin their own trolley museum after the Illinois Electric Railway Museum, located on a small plot of leased land in North Chicago, had declined to acquire more than one Chicago streetcar (that car was CSL 144, one of the 1908 Chicago Railways “Old Pullmans”).  So the ERHS bought the cars on that storage track at South Shops, beginning with ex-CUT “bowling alley” 1467 in early 1958, and moved them to a farm in west suburban Downers Grove.  “Matchbox” 1374 was bought later in 1958 and the two ex-SCCR cars – “Interstate” 2846 (work car number AA98) and then Jewett 2843 (AA95) – arrived in December.  All four cars had been converted for salt car service and had lost their seats but otherwise were acquired intact with the exception of car 2846, which was acquired sans trucks.

Salt car AA94, formerly 2842, is seen in storage at 77th Street on July 2, 1949.  Bags of salt can be seen piled up over the bolsters through the windows.  Though owned by CTA the car still wears CSL emblems.  Tom Desnoyers photo, Krambles-Peterson Archives.

The Jewett, 2843, was pretty much left alone.  A sturdy storage barn was built by ERHS around the small collection of Chicago streetcars (several other cars joined the original four salt cars in the ensuing years), protecting the 2843 from the weather.  In 1973 the ERHS was dissolved and its entire collection was donated to the Illinois Railway Museum, which by now had moved from North Chicago to Union and had the space and resources to acquire and house the varied collection of Chicago streetcars from Downers Grove.  Part of the agreement was indoor storage for these cars in Union, so car 2843 was moved from its barn at the ERHS site into a barn at IRM.  By the 1980s it had found its way to Barn 7, where IRM put its collection of Chicago streetcars (most of them from ERHS) on display, and there it has sat since.

This is what car 2843 looks like today, on public display in Barn 7 in work car green.  Photo copyright Paige Miller, authorized for use on Hicks Car Works.
Car 2843 was given a coat of work car green paint years ago and was returned to its WWII-era CSL number, but other than that and the recent restoration of its 1910-era “south side style” window guards, it has been left essentially untouched since 1958.  The car retains its trucks and motors, all of its control and air brake equipment save for its air compressor, and its interior is basically intact except for seats.  Its condition is almost entirely unchanged since it was converted for salt car service in 1943.  It still retains its in-service canvas roof in good condition, and still has the metal side panels that were screwed over the tongue-and-groove siding (the 1920s-era red paint and pin-striping can clearly be seen under the green paint on the metal panels; what older paint may remain on the siding underneath them is unknown).  But the car’s condition suffered from years of salt car service, causing extensive corrosion to the floor and frame of the car.  The precise extent of the deterioration is unknown but it is likely similar to what was found on “Matchbox” 1374, which was used in similar service, during a restoration effort in the 1980s that stretched to over a decade.


These photos show some of what car 2843’s interior looks like today, though the car is used for storage and much of its interior is inaccessible.  The photo of the platform shows controller, brake stand and hand brake still in place; the handle over the brake wheel was installed in 1914 when the car was converted to PAYE fare collection.  The photo of the end bulkhead shows the car number and the mounting bracket for the fare register.  To the right of it can be seen where a second fare register, for ringing up Indiana fares during interstate service prior to 1921, was once mounted.  IRM Collection.

Is car 2843 restorable?  Yes, of course – with enough time and money, virtually anything at IRM is.  The SCCR Jewett is a better candidate than some due to its completeness but likely a worse candidate than others due to its years as a salt car.  For now, it is significant as one of the oldest Chicago streetcars at IRM and as a relatively little-modified artifact from before the Board of Supervising Engineers era.  It is stored indoors, on public display, and is preserved for the future.  For now, this proud product of Jewett and jewel of the South Chicago fleet patiently waits.


APPENDIX A: ORIGINAL SPECIFICATIONS
Cost new: $2,992
Double-truck, 4’9” wheel base, 33” wheels
Length overall 42’3”
Length over body 31’7”
Width 8’4”
Height floor to ceiling 8’2”
Height rail to trolley board 12’1”
Truck centers 19’6”

Seating capacity 44
Number and type, 10 reversible (Hale & Kilburn), 6 fixed longitudinal
Material, rattan

Side sills, 5”x7” yellow pine reinforced with ½”x7” steel plate
End sills, 5”x7” oak
Corner posts, 4”x4” ash
Center posts, 2”x4-3/4” ash (6 piers on each side)
Sheathing, poplar
Car lines, ash
Roofing, canvas
Ceiling, quartered oak veneer
Floor, yellow pine with ash strips
Interior woodwork, mahogany

Side windows, double, drop sash – lower sash 26-1/2”x28”, upper 15”x28”
Side doors, two-panel folding, 29” opening
Body end doors, double sliding, 37” opening
Partition doors, single sliding, 26” opening

Hand brakes, Berg patent ratchet, single end

Fare register, Sterling-Meaker #5, operated by rod

Track scrapers, one pair Van Dorn & Dutton

Interior finish, shellac and varnish
Exterior finish, vermilion below the belt, chrome yellow orange above

APPENDIX B: IN-SERVICE MODIFICATIONS
1910 CCRy rebuilding:
  -removal of couplers
  -heating system changed from hot water to electric
  -left side doors added at each end
  -fender at front replaced with H-B Universal Lifeguards at both ends
  -smoker partition removed
  -seating arrangement changed
  -truck fenders (guards) added
  -original step wells (“Stanwood” type) replaced with folding steps
  -sign box installed at rear end of car
  -upper sash sign boxes added at middle of car
  -rooftop sign brackets removed
  -addition of angled dasher panels
  -trolley base changed
  -truss rods removed
  -window guards changed to “south side lines” style
-Sterling Meaker fare registers replaced with International registers
  -track scrapers removed
1914 PAYE rebuilding:
-hand crank added for opening right side doors at each end
-conductor’s stool and foot pedal for fare register added to platforms
c1915: permanent dash headlights installed, plugs for arc headlights removed
c1915-1920: addition of Utility style ventilators in roof
1921: duplicate fare register for interstate service removed
c1920s: tongue-and-groove siding below belt rail sheathed with sheet metal
c1920s: air compressor changed to National A4
1943 salt car rebuilding:
-all seats removed
-bins for salt installed
-chutes and holes in floor added


Liveries
1903-c1907 – SCCR 323 - vermilion body with chrome yellow along windows, varnished windows and doors, “South Chicago City Railway Company” in script lettering on car side, end numbers in script, side numbers in shadowed typeface, double striping

c1907-1908 – SCCR 323 – vermilion body with chrome yellow along windows, varnished windows and doors, “Red Lines” emblem centered on car side, end and side numbers in script, single striping

1908-1914 – C&SC 828 – Pullman green body, varnished or brown windows and doors, C&SC emblem centered on car side, numbers in Roman, single striping

1914-c1923 – CSL 2843 – Pullman green body, brown windows and doors, CSL emblem centered on car side, numbers in Roman, single striping

c1923-1943 – CSL 2843 – carmine red body with cream along windows, brown windows and doors, CSL emblem centered on car side, numbers in Roman, single striping

1943-1947 – CSL 2843 [salt car] – dark green body, brown windows and doors, CSL emblem centered on car side, numbers in Roman

1947-1958 – CTA AA95 [salt car] – dark green body, brown windows and doors, CSL emblem centered on car side, numbers in Roman



BIBLIOGRAPHY
Arnold, Bion J. and George Weston. Detailed Exhibits of the Physical Property and Intangible Values of the Calumet Electric Street Railway. Chicago, IL: Traction Valuation Commission, 1908.

Arnold, Bion J. and George Weston. Detailed Exhibits of the Physical Property and Intangible Values of the South Chicago City Railway. Chicago, IL: Traction Valuation Commission, 1908.

Benedict, Roy G. Streetcars Among Chicago Streets Named With Numbers and Letters. Unpublished essay, 2014.

Brough, Lawrence A. and James H. Graebner. From Small Town to Downtown: A History of the Jewett Car Company, 1893-1919. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2004.

Buckley, James J. and Roy G. Benedict. Chicago Surface Lines Cars 2841-2845. Unpublished essay, 2014.

Calumet & South Chicago Railway. “D.T. Pasenger Cars Series #826-830.” Blueprint, 1914.

“Chicago Approves Consolidation – Other Affairs,” Street Railway Journal 11 April 1908: 623.

Chicago Surface Lines. “Proposed P.A.Y.E. Floor Plan, Car Series #2841-2845 (Old #826-30).” Blueprint, c1914.

Hicks, Randall, “The Electric Railway Historical Society: An Illustrated History,” Hicks Car Works, accessed March 15, 2015. http://hickscarworks.blogspot.com/2009/01/erhs.html

Lind, Alan R. Chicago Surface Lines: An Illustrated History, Third Edition. Park Forest, IL: Transport History Press, 1986.

Moody, John. “Calumet and South Chicago Railway.” Moody’s Analysis of Investments, Volume II, Public Utilities and Industrials. 1916.

Sellers, Rod. Chicago’s Southeast Side Industrial History. Chicago, IL: Southeast Historical Society, 2006.

Our Next Program:

Friday, March 27, 2015
1900 hrs / 7:00pm
University Center (Map)
525 S State St Fl 2
Chicago, Illinois
One block north of Harrison Street Red Line station

Celebrating the Centennial of George Krambles
My Uncle George
By Art Peterson

Come join us for an evening with Art Peterson as we celebrate the centennial of the birth of his uncle,George Krambles. We’ll take an intimate biographical look and celebrate the life of one of CERA’s founders and former CTA executive director.

BY EDITOR on MARCH 13, 2015 • ( 0 )

Eric Bronsky shared these photos taken at 56th Street and 1st Avenue in Kenosha during a Skokie Park District Seniors outing on March 11. Having helped to plan the trip to the Kenosha Public Museum and the nearby Jelly Belly warehouse, Eric ensured that a streetcar ride would be one of the day’s highlights.

The “Pittsburgh” PCC car (ex-TTC 4609, built by Canada Car & Foundry in 1951) was operating that day. The ride definitely scored points with the group. For some, this was perhaps their first streetcar ride in decades. Overheard: “I remember riding this streetcar in Chicago!”

Coincidentally, only the day before, Jelly Belly publicly announced plans to close their Wisconsin facility and relocate to Tennessee.

PS- CERA is a strong supporter of the Kenosha streetcar and we have featured it in several previous posts. You can find these here.

Originally posted on The Trolley Dodger:

This is the second installment in our ongoing series featuring color pictures of Chicago streetcars. (You can read our earlier post here.)

As always, half the fun is trying to guess some of the locations where we do not have the information. I am always surprised at how knowledgeable and clever some of our readers are.

 

CTA 7216 southbound on route 22.

If you can help us out with some of the missing facts, please let us know. Each picture has an image number (for example, the first picture is #585) so please refer to the image numbers when discussing individual photographs. As always, you can bring up a larger version of each picture in your browser by clicking on it.

Unfortunately, we don’t know the names of the shutterbugs who took these pictures. When we do know who pushed the button, rest assured we will always give proper…

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Originally posted on The Trolley Dodger:

It’s August 28, 1936 on north Ashland Avenue, and time for a parade. One week earlier, streetcar service had been extended north of Cortland in one of the final extensions under CSL. Prior to this time, this portion of the route had run on Southport, two blocks to the east. North Chicago Street Railroad “Bombay roof” horsecar 8 is ahead of the experimental 1934 Brill pre-PCC car 7001. Ironically, the older car survives at the Illinois Railway Museum, while 7001 was scrapped in 1959. Check out the barber stripes on the 7001’s trolley pole.

Our earlier feature Chicago Streetcars in Black-and-White has been very popular, so here is another heaping helping of classic photos by some of the greatest railfan photographers of all time. As always, clicking on each picture will bring up a larger version in your browser.

If you can share some interesting tidbits of information about these…

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In 2001 Piet Schreuders wrote to me from his home in Amsterdam postulating (correctly) about the tunnel appearing at the conclusion of Laurel and Hardy’s 1930 comedy short Another Fine Mess. Apart from being an internationally acclaimed graphic designer, and creator of Furore Magazine, Piet’s amazing list of accomplishments include writing The Beatles’ London, a guide to The Beatles’ shooting and filming locations; co-founding The Beau Hunks music ensemble, which recreates the LeRoy Shield musical scores played during the Hal Roach Studio comedies; and creating a virtual reality computer model of downtown Culver City as it appeared when Laurel and Hardy filmed there so frequently in the 1930s. Piet has also…

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Click to enlarge each image.  1930 vs. 1958. Stan and Ollie (well, their stunt doubles) ride south down Sunset Blvd. from Grand at the conclusion of Another Fine Mess. Palmer Conner Collection.